" Wood fungi " are eukaryotic and carbon-heterotrophic (free from chlorophyll) organisms with chitin in the cell wall, reproduce asexually and/or sexually by non-flagellate spores, filamentous, immovable and mostly land inhabiting. Damage to wood in water by fungi is described by Jones and Irvine , Jones and Kim and Singh . Soft-rot fungi belonging to the Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes destroy wood with high moisture content in water or soil (e.g., Findlay and Savory 1954; Liese 1955). Fungi associated with leaf litter in a woodland stream were treated by Suberkropp . In this book, a fungal cell, the hypha, is defined as one individual cell of mostly tubular shape that consists of a cell wall, contains a protoplasm with a nucleus and other organelles, and is in the "higher fungi" separated from its one or two neighbors by a transverse wall, the septum . In analogy to the "higher plants", where nearly every living cell is connected t
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